At designing of garages in many cases, especially in the centers of cities, it is necessary to solve a problem about creation on the small area of a transport construction with the big productivity. As well as at designing of all other transport constructions, the general principles here remain: garages should be convenient in operation, reliable, economic, well entered in environment. Unfortunately, for the present many garages in which the basic attention is given to technical transport elements and less — constructive are erected. However the optimum decision can be received only in that case when all points of view arising by working out of the project, are considered according to their importance.
Depending on the sizes and a configuration of the existing ground area, a town-planning and transport situation, requirements of building norms and garage appointment it is necessary to find the individual decision in each case.
Instructions and designing rules. In local plans a number of important garages for designing of predetermining conditions is whenever possible set:
Garage type (land or underground);
Position of axial lines and building borders;
Distances before adjoining building;
Number of floors and if necessary capacity;
Type of external walls (opened or closed), sometimes and what leave on adjoining buildings;
Position of entrances and departures;
Construction appointment (only for time storage or multi-purpose — habitation, shops, parking on a covering).
At designing of garages, as well as any other building, it is necessary to observe operating building norms.
The major special norms on designing of garages are the Garage rules accepted in different parts of Germany. Substantive provisions of rules of the various parts coincide, except for some positions. For example, by Garage rules of the Bottom Saxony the minimum admissible radius of internal edge of a cloth of curvilinear stages is accepted equal 6 m, and in all other parts of Germany — 5 m. It is recommended to carry out precisely the Garage rules operating on a site of garage.
For definition of the initial data necessary at calculation of all construction and separate constructive elements, in a number of the works covering substantive provisions on designing of garages, the sizes of the so-called standard car have been established. The standard car set in such a way serves as “cover” for major characteristics of the majority of cars, moving on our roads (length, width, height, turn radius, a road clearance, distance between axes, base).
Cars, which characteristics fall outside the limits a certain interval, thus are not taken into consideration. By means of the standard car the sizes of the major projected elements — storage places, stages, and also height of premises, width of a track, which are included in Garage rules and Instructions, are defined. Necessity for special substantiations can arise in exceptional cases when in garage storage only big or only midget cars is provided or use of mechanical transporting devices is planned.
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